Race may have a similar association with adolescents' participation in and responses to social relationships. Rhodes (1994) noted that such unions occur more often among African American participants than among Hispanic American participants. Similarly, a discussion of existing literature about fictive kinships concludes that Caucasian Americans families, and thus their children, are less likely to engage in pseudo-family relationships than other groups, particularly African Americans and Hispanic Americans (Chatters et al., 1994; Rhodes & Davis, 1996).