Sampson (1997) employed data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, longitudinal data incorporating seven age cohorts and over 7,000 children between the ages of 3 and 18, to examine the influence of neighborhood dynamics on self-control and behavior regulation. The researcher found that, while family dynamics influenced the development of social regulation and control, it was neighborhood dynamics, such as residential stability, structural disadvantage (i.e., dominated by high poverty, female-headed families, unemployment, percentage black, and public assistance received), and high concentration of recent immigrants, that predicted both perception of the neighborhood as a source of social control and level of adolescent delinquent behavior. In fact, even after controlling for parental influence and the youth's prior level of delinquency, these neighborhood dynamics predicted future levels of behavior regulation and acts of delinquency.