Successes in school and level of intelligence have been linked to adolescent regulatory abilities. Research on 411 urban males from the United Kingdom, ages 8 to 32, found that both lower levels of non-verbal intelligence and limited academic success during junior high and high school are predictive of regulation and self-control problems during adolescence (Farrington, 1989). Additionally, Wentzel et al. (1993) found that a young adolescent's level of intelligence is negatively associated with poor regulatory abilities.