The ALERT program, developed by the RAND Corporation, focuses on middle school children's substance use (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and inhalants). The program includes student participation in 14 adult teacher-led lessons over a two-year period. Teachers are given a one-day training workshop to prepare for the lessons. Parent involvement is promoted through home learning, and a peer-leader component is also included. The goal of the program is to establish no-drug norms and provide students with the skills with which to resist peer pressures to use drugs. For the evaluation, 30 schools were randomly assigned either to a control group, a treatment group with an adult teacher, or a treatment group with both an adult teacher and a peer-leader. Outcomes were measured 15 months after the baseline. The effectiveness of the program was supported by this rigorously designed study. The treatment students, compared to the controls, had marijuana rates that were 30% lower. Current marijuana use was 60% lower in adult-led programs. Among treatment students, cigarette smoking was also reduced by 33 to 55% compared to baseline measures. Anti-drug beliefs were also pervasive into the 10th grade. The program was effective in high and low ethnic minority schools, high and low SES communities, and with high-risk and low-risk students. Focusing on the school environment, the Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial was evaluated (Donaldson, Graham, & Hansen, 1994). A total of 3,027 students were split into four groups: information about the consequences of use; information about consequences plus social pressure resistance training; information about consequences plus social education; and information about consequences, social pressure resistance training, and social education. The students were in seventh grade when they received one of these four curricula and were followed up after one and two years. The results supported establishing conservative drug use norms in the classroom to reduce cigarette and marijuana use at the one-year follow-up. Also, a significant effect for reducing alcohol and cigarette use was found at the two-year follow-up, thus demonstrating a medium term delay of substance use initiation among adolescents.