Kerr and Stattin (2000) examined cross-sectional relations between parent-adolescent communication patterns and adolescent outcomes, including depressive symptoms, self-esteem, failure expectations, and feelings of being controlled in a sample of 1,077 Swedish 14-year-olds and their parents. Parents (one per household) and adolescents completed questionnaires regarding child self-disclosure, parental solicitation, parental control efforts, and parents' knowledge about the adolescent (including what their children do in their spare time and how they are doing at school). Kerr and Stattin hypothesized that adolescents who voluntarily provided information to their parents regarding their daily activities would exhibit more positive outcomes than would adolescents who did not do so. In addition, they expected that similar information when provided in response to parental solicitations, and parents' attempts to control their adolescent children's activities outside of the home, would be less associated with positive outcomes. Consistent with their hypotheses, results indicated that adolescents whose parents knew a good deal about them, particularly if that knowledge was obtained through the adolescent's voluntary self-disclosure, had higher self-esteem and less depressed mood, and were less likely to report failure expectations than were adolescents with less knowledgeable parents. In contrast, adolescents who felt controlled by their parents reported more depressed mood, lower self-esteem, and more failure expectations than did adolescents who did not report negative feelings of being controlled by their parents.