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| "Best Bets" to Build Self-Esteem: Promote Achievement in a Specific Realm |
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Unlike global self-esteem, specific self-esteem (Rosenberg et al., 1995), perceived competence (Harter, 1983) and self-efficacy (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 1996) are terms used to describe individuals' beliefs that they are competent within specific domains, such as cognitive or academic domains, physical ability and attractiveness domains, peer and family social domains, and behavioral domains. Researchers such as Harter (e.g. 1983, 1990; Harter & Marold, 1994), Marsh (e.g., 1990; Marsh, Craven, & Debus, 1999; Marsh, Parker, & Barnes, 1985; Marsh & Shavelson, 1985), and Rosenberg (Rosenberg et al., 1995) have found empirical support for the view that self-perceptions of competence within specific domains are distinct constructs demonstrating low to moderate associations with each other. Further, perceived competence has been found to be associated with global self-worth, but the strength of this association is dependent upon the perceived importance the individual places on competence within the specific domain (see Harter & Marold, 1994). |
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