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| What Works to Prevent Multiple Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: School-Based Programs |
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Some programs target several outcomes instead of only one or two. For example, a school-based program, Reconnecting Youth, was designed to target high-risk students in 9th through 12th grades who may demonstrate multiple problems such as depression, aggression, and substance use (Eggert, Thompson, Herting, & Nicholas, 1995; Eggert, Thompson, Herting, Nicholas, Dickers, 1994). Through promoting school bonds and the involvement of parents, including healthy activities, and teaching a crisis response plan, the goals of the intervention are to increase school performance, decrease drug involvement, and improve mood management. At five and 10 month follow-ups, as compared to a randomly selected control group, the treatment group had a lower rate of school drop-out; and, more pertinent to the present report, the treatment group had a 7% decrease in alcohol and drug use (compared to a 14% increase among controls), a 54% decrease in hard drug use (compared to a 45% increase among controls), and a 24% decrease in drug use control problems (compared to an 18% increase among controls). Although the program did not affect suicidal behaviors (both groups had an 80% decline), the treatment group had a 48% decrease in anger control problems and aggressive tendencies as compared to a 30% decrease for controls as well as the treatment group having a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. Through additional analyses, the researchers suggest that teacher support, peer group support, monitoring school attendance, and skills training in self-esteem enhancement were all important components of the treatment plan. |
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