Two experimental evaluations have linked participation in programs aimed at fostering academic and social competencies among disadvantaged high school students with adolescents' educational expectations. Hahn (1994) found that disadvantaged 9th grade students enrolled in this program - which provided education-related activities, development activities, and service activities and offered adolescents stipends and bonuses for completing segments of the program - showed higher educational expectations in the 12th grade than members of the control group. Likewise, an experimental evaluation of a second program aimed at increasing the academic and personal development of disadvantaged high school students demonstrated a link between adolescents' participation in this program and their educational expectations. Myers & Schrim (1999) found that adolescents enrolled in 536 Upward Bound programs across the country - a program that provided academic instruction, tutoring and mentoring, counseling, career and college planning, as well as intensive instruction over the summer months - reported higher educational expectations at a later follow-up than those not enrolled in the program.