Adolescents' behavior outside of the school arena also seems to have implications for their educational aspirations and expectations. Two studies have documented a link between the amount of employment adolescents engage in and their educational aspirations. Mihalic and Elliott (1997) reported that students who worked two years in a row in their teen years reported lower levels of educational aspirations than those who worked only one year, who in turn reported lower levels of educational aspirations than those who worked only a single year. This relationship was documented in a national sample of adolescents, including key variables in the analysis that might differentiate between those working more or fewer years, including their earlier educational aspirations. Later analyses in this study suggested that the link between employment and aspirations was only true for non-white adolescents (but not whites) and for girls (but not boys). Marsh (1991) found a similar relationship between employment and aspirations in another analysis of a national sample of adolescents. The author of this study (1991) found that adolescents who worked a greater number of hours in their senior year reported having lower educational aspirations than adolescents who worked fewer hours that year. This relationship held up despite a wide range of controls for the adolescents' educational experiences, and other individual- and family-level characteristics.