Characteristics of the structure of adolescents' families have also been found to relate to their educational aspirations and achievement. For instance, a couple of studies have documented a link between living in a single parent household and educational expectations or aspirations, particularly the expectation of attending college. Goyette and Xie (1999) found that Asian American and White adolescents from intact families were more likely to expect to go to college than adolescents from non-intact families, though they did not expect to complete a greater number of years of schooling. Likewise, McLanahan and Sandefur (1994) found that adolescents from single-parent families were less likely to expect to attend college than those from two-parent families. Both of these studies were based on national samples and controlled for a number of key variables that could be related to the likelihood that adolescents live in single parent families and/or their educational expectations. Yet it is important to note that neither of these studies controls for adolescents' earlier expectations, a variable that was found to eliminate the difference in educational expectations between adolescents whose parents experienced a marital disruption and those whose parents did not (Sun, 2001).