Family socioeconomic status has been found to relate to adolescents' educational expectations in at least three studies, with higher levels of SES relating to higher educational expectations in each of the studies. For instance, in two studies based on national samples of students, adolescents from families with higher SES expected to complete a greater number of years of schooling and were more likely to expect to attend college than those from families with lower SES (Berends, 1995; Goyette & Xie, 1999). Although the Goyette and Xie (1999) sample was limited to students who were Asian American or White, the Berends (1995) study found a similar relationship in a sample of students from various racial and ethnic groups. Further, both of these studies included fairly extensive controls for other variables that might account for this relationship, including adolescents' earlier educational expectations. In a third study examining a national sample of eighth graders, adolescents whose families had a higher SES were less likely to decrease their educational expectations between eighth grade, when they all expected to attend college, and two years out of high school than adolescents from lower SES families (Trusty & Harris, 1999).