Finally, another study found that living in a home with a more cognitively stimulating environment in childhood (at age 8) was related to higher levels of intrinsic motivation both in childhood and in adolescence (at age 13). The sample for this study was composed of mostly white, middle-class children and their families (Gottfried, Fleming, & Gottfried, 1998). The authors found that the relationship between the quality of the earlier home environment (e.g., whether the child was taken on trips and encouraged to develop hobbies, whether the child had access to a computer, whether the family learned about new and different things) and later achievement motivation occurred largely through the influence of living in a cognitively stimulating environment on early achievement motivation, which was related to higher levels of achievement motivation in adolescence.