"Best Bets" to Prevent Pregnancies and Births:
Encourage Parents' to Express High College Expectations for Their Adolescents

Higher levels of parent involvement in school among school-age teens were associated with a lower likelihood of a birth even after controlling for grades and test scores (Manlove, 1998). In addition, parents' expectation that their son would go to college was associated with a reduced likelihood that urban male teenagers would become fathers (Thornberry et al., 1997).