In comparison to children of control group, children of program participants:

- Exhibit significantly less emotional vulnerability to fear stimuli (16 percent vs. 25 percent).

- Exhibit less emotional response to anger stimuli (19 percent vs. 28 percent).

- Are less likely to have language delays (6 percent vs. 11 percent)

- Have higher levels of language development at 21 months as measured by the Preschool Language Scale (score of 102 vs. 99).

- Have slightly higher levels of mental development at 24 months as measured by the Mental Development Index (scores of 90 vs. 89).

In comparison to children of control group, children of program participants:

- Have similar scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scale at the 42-month follow-up.

- Have similar scores on cognitive development as measured by the School Readiness Component of the Bracken Basic Concept Scale.

- Are rated by their mothers as having more behavior problems as measured by the Behavior Problem Index (110 vs. 109) and exhibiting less positive behavior as measured by the Positive Behavior Scale (192 vs. 197).  Findings are similar for black and for male children of participants; among Hispanics, children of program participants score lower on the Bracken Basic Concept Scale.

In comparison to children nationally, children of program participants:

- Score one deviation lower (15 points) on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, revised edition (PPVT-R), a difference that is not significant.

- Score slightly higher on measures of problem behaviors.

- Show no significant differences on child reports or effort in school and parental encouragement with regard to school.

- Show no significant differences in regard to parents' reports of children's academic behavior.