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Self-Sufficiency Domain
By Erik Michelsen,  Jonathan F. Zaff, Ph.D., and Elizabeth Hair, Ph.D.
TABLE 1 TABLE 2          
Likelihood of teen pregnancy Work orientation          
Self-Sufficiency (click for overall summary)

  Experimental Research Studies Non-Experimental Research Studies

Participants in a national volunteer service program were less likely to get pregnant than youth in the control group (3.2% vs. 5.4%)

Participants in a community-based service learning program had fewer children than youth in the control group at the 1-year follow-up





Middle school participants in a service learning program were less likely than nonparticipants to become pregnant or father a child


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