| Several different components of the home environment can affect child outcomes. For example, the way parents and children interact, the physical environment and parents’ emotional well-being have all been found to be related to children’s cognitive, social and emotional development (Caughy, 1996; Hammen et al., 1987; Radke-Yarrow et al., 1992). Results across multiple studies seem to suggest that programs that focus on parenting practices and parent-child interactions can be effective, although the particular program model and its implementation are important (Downey & Coyne, 1990; Olds et al., 1997; Patterson, 1986; Wagner & Clayton, 1999). |
